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Thailand Biodiversity

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Thailand is one of the richest biodiversity countries in Southeast Asia. Its location amid humid climatic zone and its proximity to the Indochinese region in the North and the Sundiac region in the South support a variety of tropical ecosystem. Coastal, marine, and agricultural ecosystems cover every corner of the country, indicated in the various types of forest ranging from tropical rain forest

Lying in a hot and humid climatic zone in the middle of Southeast Asia, and being separating line between two major biogeographical regions, the Indochinese region in the North and the Sundiac region in the South, Thailand enjoys a huge variety of tropical ecosystems. Ecosystem diversity can be indicated in the various types of forest ranging from tropical rain forest to mangrove forest, representing for terrestrial, freshwater, coastal, marine, and agricultural ecosystems.

There are approximately 15,000 plant species in Thailand, accounting for 8% of the estimated total number of global plant species. These numbers clearly exceed the numbers of plant species in temperate countries such as Norway and Sweden which have approximately 1,800 plant species each. Thailand also has approximately 1,721 species of terrestrial vertebrate (mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians) in comparison to 299 and 328 species found in Norway and Sweden, respectively. Additionally, 2631-km coastline awards Thailand a tenth of total fish species worldwide, 2810 species.

Despite these valuable resources, Thailand is currently facing increasingly grave threats to biodiversity due to human disturbance. The detrimental acts of illegal hunting, crop and forest burning, livestock grazing, forest clearance, destructive fishing practices, and pollution caused by economic activities is alarmingly declining the country’s biodiversity, the gift of Mother Nature.

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